Website of the President of Russia: President: News

Tea reception with Xi Jinping

2026-05-20T18:44:06+04:00

President Vladimir Putin’s visit to China concluded with a tea reception with President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping.

The Russian side was represented by Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Presidential Aide Yury Ushakov, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office Maxim Oreshkin, and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the People’s Republic of China Igor Morgulov.

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President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping (retranslated): Mr President,

Your visit has achieved some very real, solid results. I think it is fair to say it has been a highly successful and productive visit. Over the course of it, we signed – and witnessed the signing of – a large number of joint documents and final agreements.

Most importantly, we signed a joint statement that sets out the cooperation between our countries across a range of key areas. So I would like to congratulate you on a very successful visit. Even though it only lasted a day, the outcomes are extensive and significant. I think that really shows the genuine, historic importance of the relationship between our two nations.

We can continue our conversation and exchange views [on any issues] over tea – please, I would be very happy to.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr President,

Thank you for the invitation, and for how well we have worked – you and your team ran a very tight ship.

We have not just taken stock of everything that has been achieved in our bilateral relations over recent years – we have also set out a clear path for future development.

You mentioned that there was a great deal of work done today.

And it is true – now that I look back at every issue and every step along the way, it was very much a process of concrete, substantive effort.

I agree with this assessment: the work we did was successful and intense, and it did bear fruit. I think, we should thank our teams on both sides, who worked very hard to make today’s meeting happen.

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Visiting photo exhibition co-hosted by TASS and Xinhua news agencies

2026-05-20T18:42:56+04:00

Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping visited a photo exhibition on the development of Russian-Chinese relations, titled “The Unbreakable Friendship of Great Nations, the Strategic Partnership of Great Powers,” co-hosted by the TASS and Xinhua news agencies.

The photo exhibition was set up in the Seasons Hall of the Great Hall of the People to mark the 30^th anniversary of partnership and strategic interaction and the 25^th anniversary of the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.

The photographs taken by photojournalists from the TASS and Xinhua news agencies highlight the responsible role of the two great powers in maintaining international justice and global stability, as well as the close ties and friendly relations between the presidents of Russia and the People’s Republic of China.

The majority of the exhibited photos were taken during bilateral and multilateral events, such as G20, BRICS and SCO summits, and the Belt and Road High-Level Forum for Economic Cooperation, as well as celebrations of the anniversaries of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the ceremonies to open industrial and transport facilities, and cultural and sports events attended by Russian and Chinese representatives.

During the tour of the exhibition, the distinguished guests were accompanied by TASS CEO Andrei Kondrashov and Xinhua CEO Fu Hua.

Greetings to participants, organisers and guests of the Young South All-Russian Youth Educational Forum

2026-05-20T10:23:24+04:00

Vladimir Putin sent greetings to the participants, organisers and guests of the Young South (Yug Molodoy) All-Russian Youth Educational Forum.

The message reads, in part:

“You have established a tradition of holding this forum at the Mayak (Lighthouse) Creativity Centre, and it is gratifying that it has the place it deserves among national youth initiatives and has emerged as a magnet for proactive and dedicated young men and women from Donbass and Novorossiya who are the true patriots of our country, vast and united as it stands. The event offers extensive opportunities for unlocking talent and creativity with a mission to help young people choose their careers and life paths, find new friends and connect with like-minded people. Of course, you will learn teamwork at this forum and receive the support you need for undertaking your projects to develop and improve your hometowns and villages.

I am convinced that this year’s forum will take place in an atmosphere of friendship, mutual understanding and creativity, and that the bold ideas of its participants will materialise through a nationwide effort to support these undertakings.”

Meeting with Premier of the State Council of China Li Qiang

2026-05-20T17:47:26+04:00

Vladimir Putin held a meeting with Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China Li Qiang.

Taking part in the meeting on the Russian side were Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Lavrov, First Deputy Prime Minister, Russian Co-Chair of the Russia-China Intergovernmental Commission on Investment Cooperation Denis Manturov, Deputy Prime Minister, Co-chair of the Russia-China Intergovernmental Commission on Humanitarian Cooperation Tatyana Golikova, Deputy Prime Minister, Co-chair of the Russia-China Intergovernmental Commission on Energy Cooperation Alexander Novak, Deputy Prime Minister – Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District, Co-Chair of the Russia-China Intergovernmental Commission on Cooperation and Development of the Far East and the Baikal Region of Russia and the Northeast of the People's Republic of China Yury Trutnev, Deputy Prime Minister, Co-Chair of the Russia-China Intergovernmental Commission on Regular Meetings Between Heads of Government Dmitry Chernyshenko, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office Maxim Oreshkin, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office – Presidential Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov, Presidential Aide Yury Ushakov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the People’s Republic of China Igor Morgulov, Minister of Agriculture Oksana Lut, Minister of Culture Olga Lyubimova, Minister of Transport Andrei Nikitin, Minister of Economic Development Maxim Reshetnikov, Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov, Minister of Construction, Housing and Utilities Irek Fayzullin, Minister of Science and Higher Education Valery Falkov, and Governor of the Central Bank Elvira Nabiullina.

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Premier of the State Council of the PRC Li Qiang (retranslated): In November last year, I attended a meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of Government held in Moscow. I am deeply grateful to you and to the Russian side in general for the excellent organisation of the meeting and for your hospitality. I would like to once again express my gratitude for that.

President Xi Jinping has met with you today, and you have charted an ambitious plan for the further development of our bilateral relations.

Chinese-Russian relations maintain stability and predictability against the backdrop of a turbulent international situation. This is extremely important for us, as it allows us to jointly respond to all kinds of challenges and threats.

The Chinese side stands ready to work closely with the Russian side, guided by the agreements reached at the highest level, to deepen political trust and mutual support in order to elevate bilateral cooperation to new heights for the benefit of our peoples.

Thank you.

I look forward to hearing your esteemed views, Mr President.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr Premier of the State Council,

For my part, I am sincerely pleased to meet with you again. My colleagues and I always value the opportunity to visit hospitable China, and this particular visit carries special significance, especially as this year marks the 25^th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation Between China and Russia. Built upon the principles of equality, trust, mutual respect, and mutual benefit enshrined in this foundational agreement, our relations continue to develop dynamically for the benefit of both nations.

Today’s discussions with President Xi Jinping were highly substantive, productive, and constructive. A substantial package of documents was signed, including joint statements by the heads of state that outline common approaches and areas of cooperation across virtually all key sectors, without exaggeration.

Together with President Xi Jinping, we have established new and ambitious objectives for a qualitatively higher stage of Russian-Chinese cooperation. Over the years of its work, the extensive mechanism of regular meetings between the heads of the two governments, which, incidentally, was established thirty years ago in December 1996, has consistently demonstrated its effectiveness, particularly in implementing the broad range of agreements reached at the highest level. In this regard, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to you and to our colleagues from the State Council of China for the priority attention devoted to strengthening our multifaceted cooperation.

Please also accept the warmest greetings and best wishes from Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. Whenever he reports to me on your joint efforts, he invariably highlights your personal commitment to advancing Russian-Chinese relations. The governments of both countries always carry a particularly important responsibility, as they are engaged in highly practical and specific work across a wide range of sectors. We understand this well. The final outcomes depend greatly on your active involvement. We look forward with great anticipation to your visit to Russia.

As I mentioned earlier today, despite a certain adjustment in bilateral trade figures at the end of 2025, trade turnover this year is showing strong growth of more than 10 percent.

We will continue to expand trade cooperation in line with the long-term strategies that have been approved, above all the Plan for Russian-Chinese Economic Cooperation until 2030. One of our key priorities is to ensure that our cooperation is reliably protected from negative external influence. The near-total use of national currencies in bilateral settlements greatly contributes to this goal.

Our agenda includes the implementation of a broad range of joint sectoral projects in energy, industry, space, agriculture, transport, and logistics. Rapidly evolving digital innovation and artificial intelligence technologies are opening up new opportunities for the economic development of our countries.

Humanitarian ties are also developing actively, including in culture, cinema, sport, and youth and tourism exchanges.

This has undoubtedly been facilitated by the decision, adopted at the initiative of our Chinese friends, to introduce a reciprocal visa-free regime. This benefits both tourists and those engaged in practical cooperation across a wide range of fields.

Today, together with President Xi Jinping, we officially launched the Cross Years of Education. I am confident that this new interstate thematic initiative will help raise training and professional development across a broad range of specialisations to a new level, including in advanced industries, thereby helping to guarantee the scientific and technological sovereignty of our countries.

Thank you very much once again.

Meeting with Peng Pai

2026-05-20T16:37:00+04:00

Vladimir Putin met with Peng Pai, a citizen of the People’s Republic of China. The President had posed for a photograph with him in Beijing’s Beihai Park in July 2000, during his first state visit to China. Subsequently, Peng Pai developed an interest in Russian culture and science; he came to study at MADI, and after graduating, returned to China to work in his home province.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr Peng Pai, good afternoon.

Peng Pai: Good afternoon, Mr President.

Vladimir Putin: It is lovely to see you. First of all, I want to thank the journalists who managed to track you down. To be honest, this meeting comes as a huge surprise to me – a very pleasant one, I should say.

I watched the footage of our previous meeting, that chance encounter all those years ago, and it brought back memories. It was quite moving. I was especially pleased to hear that you later decided to study in Russia and ended up in Moscow.

If I am not mistaken, you are from southern China. Moscow is not exactly known for its warm weather, but I hope you found a welcoming and friendly environment there – a warm atmosphere, if not a warm climate.

Peng Pai: Thank you.

(Retranslated.)

For me too, this is a huge surprise that after 26 years, I have the chance to see you again. To be honest, I feel like I am in a dream. It is stranger than science fiction.

While I was studying in Russia, I received a lot of warmth from my professors and fellow students. I also gained a great deal of professional knowledge and came to appreciate Russia’s rigorous scientific approach to education. I brought all of that back with me from Russia to China and took a job at a construction company in Hunan Province. Since then, I have worked on a number of infrastructure projects here, putting into practice the knowledge and skills I acquired in Russia.

Even though I grew up in China, a very big part of my life was shaped in Russia. You could really say that Moscow is my second home.

Vladimir Putin: That is wonderful to hear. Are you originally from the same province where you are now working?

Peng Pai: Yes, I was born in Hunan, and I went back there after I left Moscow.

Vladimir Putin: Yes, as we say, “serve the land that raised you.” That says a lot. As I recall, it is also the birthplace of the founder of the modern Chinese state, Mao Zedong. In 1972 – specifically on May 20 – he called on the whole world to fight against American imperialism.

That said, our meeting today falls on a momentous date, but our friendship with China is not directed against anyone. We are not fighting anyone. We are simply pursuing our own interests and following our own development path. What is more, we are ready to cooperate with everyone, with all our global partners, including the United States.

Today we discussed this with President Xi Jinping. I am very pleased to see that, having received your education in Russia, you are successfully building your professional career in your home country under the leadership of President Xi Jinping and the Communist Party of China. China is developing confidently and maintaining a strong pace of progress. This policy provides both political and economic stability, which is an essential foundation for sustainable national development.

When such stability exists, we often take it for granted, assuming it has always been present and will continue indefinitely. Yet it is only when challenges emerge in these areas that we fully recognise its importance. Stability creates the conditions necessary to improve living standards, expand educational opportunities, and foster the long-term development of the people.

Together with President Xi Jinping, we have just launched the Russia–China Cross Years of Education, and I am especially pleased to know that your professional achievements in China are connected to the education you received in Russia. This meeting was unexpected for me, but an especially pleasant one.

Peng Pai: This is the most valuable base I gained in Russia.

Vladimir Putin: I wish you every success.

Peng Pai: I would also like to wish you good health.

Vladimir Putin: Please come to Russia again.

Peng Pai: I certainly will.

Vladimir Putin: If you have any questions, please go ahead.

Peng Pai: I sincerely hope our meetings will continue and that there will be new opportunities for them, as well as to strengthen ties between Russia and China. I also hope Chinese companies will continue to participate actively in Russia’s development. I know that our companies are already involved in the construction of the Moscow metro.

Vladimir Putin: Excellent. We will continue. There remains tremendous potential for mutual cooperation and for the continued contribution of Russian-Chinese relations to the development and prosperity of our countries.

Peng Pai: Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: Thank you very much. I wish you success.

Ceremony launching Cross Years of Russia-China Cooperation in Education

2026-05-20T17:42:00+04:00

Vladimir Putin and President of China Xi Jinping attended the ceremony to launch the Cross Years of Russia-China Cooperation in Education.

President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (retranslated): The launch of the Cross Years of China-Russia Cooperation in Education in this landmark year is a strategic decision that Mr Putin and I have adopted based on the long-term development of Chinese-Russian relations.

Education is a major bridge connecting people’s hearts and conveying friendship between nations. This is a noble project of our age that benefits future generations.

Cooperation between China and Russia in education has been growing stronger and bringing tangible results for years. The scale of bilateral student exchanges is consistently growing, cooperation between our universities is steadily progressing, and coordination at the level of research platforms and alliance mechanisms is becoming stronger. Taken together, this translates into a steadily growing number of jointly trained students and innovation projects, which are enriching the essence of Chinese-Russian relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction in the new era.

Friends,

Faculty and students,

Now that the world is changing at an unprecedented speed, strengthening ties and cooperation in education, implementing innovations and ensuring stable development have become a common choice for all countries. I hope that the Cross Years of Education will provide a unique opportunity for enhancing our mutual understanding and cooperation, expanding its scope and raising the level of our interaction.

It is essential to deepen our cooperation in personnel training, foster close interaction between our universities and research institutions, jointly train a team of world-class professionals, strengthen the strategic research potential of our countries, and join efforts to find solutions to complex scientific problems to boost the innovative development of our countries.

It is important to implement the concept of cross-civilisational enrichment, maintain mutual respect and mutually beneficial cooperation, promote the exchange of experience in the preservation and development of our cultural heritage and education management, and work together to enhance the standards of professionalism.

It is important to maintain our traditional friendship, unlock the potential for cooperation in education, foster mutual understanding, and encourage rapprochement between our peoples and friendship between our young people through substantive exchanges, and raise the next generation in the spirit of eternal friendship between China and Russia.

Friends,

Faculty and students,

The state flourishes when education blossoms. Stronger education makes a great nation stronger. I am confident that we will ensure the success of the Cross Years of China-Russia Cooperation in Education through joint efforts, and that our cooperation will produce great results.

Thank you.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr President, ladies and gentlemen, friends,

First and foremost, I want to say that I fully agree with my friend, President Xi Jinping: we are launching a truly landmark and significant joint initiative – holding Years of Education. This marks the tenth bilateral cross-year project undertaken by Russia and China – a tradition whereby we dedicate each initiative to one of the essential pillars of comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation between our nations.

Both in Russia and in China, there is a deep understanding that high-quality education is the bedrock of individual development and of society as a whole – of people’s ability to realise their potential and to advance professionally. Without it, economic progress is inconceivable, and it is impossible to build a truly cohesive, strong and genuinely sovereign state.

Allow me to quote a prominent Russian educator Konstantin Ushinsky. He wrote: “One of the primary tasks of education is to introduce each new generation to humanity’s shared endeavour – its endless striving towards the highest good.” I am confident that our Chinese friends share this outlook. That is why our two countries will continue to jointly expand and deepen our cooperation in education, drawing on the considerable experience we have built up through mutually beneficial and enriching collaboration.

I would like to remind you that Russia and China have established fifteen inter-university associations. A joint Russian-Chinese university, based at Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Beijing Institute of Technology, is operating successfully. Furthermore, Moscow State University, in partnership with Peking University, recently inaugurated the Russian-Chinese Institute of Fundamental Research. Our immediate plans include the launch of the Russian-Chinese Institute of Innovative Research by St Petersburg State University and Tsinghua University.

Naturally, we also greatly value the traditionally strong interest shown by our Chinese friends in studying Russian. It is taught at more than 200 universities and 125 schools across the PRC. Over 66,000 Chinese students are currently enrolled in language courses in Russia.

Conversely, the number of Russian citizens studying Chinese continues to grow year on year. That figure now exceeds 100,000, while another 20,000 Russians are mastering the language through educational programmes in the People’s Republic of China.

As for the Years of Education, their programme is very rich and diverse. It includes hundreds of projects in higher, secondary vocational and school education. Joint events will be organised in collaboration with relevant agencies, leading educational institutions and public organisations of both countries, encompassing the entire spectrum of Russian-Chinese academic and scientific cooperation.

An extensive series of conferences and seminars for teachers, as well as competitions and summer schools for students in Russia and China, has been scheduled.

Special attention will be given to breakthrough academic disciplines related to the implementation of innovative technologies, with a view to establishing joint laboratories and advanced research centres in knowledge-intensive fields.

The Years’ programme naturally encompasses the humanities and historical sciences. I consider it fundamentally important that the Russian Historical Society and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences have commenced work on a comprehensive, large-scale study of the Second World War. It will be devoted to the decisive role of our countries in the victory over Nazism and Japanese militarism, and to the inadmissibility of distorting historical truth.

Friends,

Taking this opportunity, I would like to address young people, all those who take part in Russian-Chinese educational and scientific exchanges and sincerely wish each and every one of you to find a vocation that resonates with your aspirations, to achieve personal fulfilment, to devote yourselves wholeheartedly to your work and to attain outstanding results on the path you have chosen.

In due course, you will assume responsibility for preserving and enhancing the rich traditions and partnership between Russia and China. I am convinced that you are fully equal to this responsibility and that you will successfully address all, even the most ambitious, tasks pertaining to the advancement of Russian-Chinese cooperation, the prospects of which are truly boundless.

Thank you.

Press statements following Russia-China talks

2026-05-20T14:03:26+04:00

Following the talks, Vladimir Putin and President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping made statements for the media.

President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (retranslated): Mr President,

Ladies and gentlemen of the press, good afternoon. Mr Putin and I are delighted to meet with you.

This is the 25^th time that President Putin has visited China. That in itself is evidence of the high level and special nature of Chinese-Russian relations. I would like to cordially welcome President Putin and all our Russian colleagues.

President Putin and I have just held in-depth, friendly and fruitful talks and a strategic dialogue on a broad range of vital issues. We have signed a joint Chinese-Russian statement on strengthening our comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction and on deepening our relations of good-neighbourliness, friendship and cooperation.

A large package of documents on bilateral cooperation has been signed in our presence. We will also publish a Joint Declaration on the Establishment of a Multipolar World and a New Type of International Relations.

This year marks the 30^th anniversary of Chinese-Russian partnership and strategic interaction. Over the past 30 years, our relations, toughened by wind and rain and keeping up with the times, scaled new heights, ultimately reaching a historical high of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction in the new age, and are justly regarded as an example of a new type of relations between major powers.

This year, we will also mark 25 years of the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness, Friendship and Cooperation between China and Russia. For many years, our countries have been unwaveringly committed to the principles of non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting against other countries, as enshrined in that treaty. Firmly guided by the spirit of mutual respect, equality, honesty and justice, as well as mutually beneficial cooperation, we are making a great contribution to protecting international justice and shaping a new type of international relations. This is the key permanent factor in conditions of the largest transformation in centuries.

Friends,

Under our joint strategic guidance – President Putin’s and mine – relations between China and Russia have reached a new milestone. Both sides must keep pace with the defining trends of our time to promote peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, and strive to achieve higher-quality growth in the bilateral relationship.

First, we must strengthen high-level political mutual trust and act as each other’s strategic bulwark. Political mutual trust is the hallmark of China-Russia relations. It is enshrined as the fundamental objective and principle in the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness, Friendship and Cooperation, which President Putin and I have already jointly decided to extend. We must build on past achievements, break new ground, and continue to offer each other firm and mutual support on matters relating to our respective core interests and key concerns. We must also maintain close strategic dialogue and contacts at various levels, thereby steadily reinforcing political trust between our two nations.

Second, we must inject fresh momentum into high-quality, mutually beneficial cooperation and walk hand in hand along the path of national progress and prosperity.

In recent years, we have consistently been impressed by breakthrough development and remarkable results achieved in our wide-ranging bilateral cooperation. Indeed, our bilateral trade has now exceeded US$200 billion for the third consecutive year. Despite the challenging external environment, mutual trade grew by around 20 percent from January to April this year – an achievement that was by no means easy. We should seize this highly favourable momentum to deepen cooperation in aligning China’s 15^th Five-Year Plan with Russia’s national development goals to 2030, make full use of the stabilising role of our energy cooperation, vigorously develop new growth drivers in the digital economy, artificial intelligence and technological innovation, and foster broad-based, mutually beneficial cooperation, both in scope and in quality, for the sake of our two countries’ national progress and prosperity.

Third, it is imperative to facilitate high-quality communication and exchanges among citizens, thereby laying a solid foundation for the China-Russia friendship for generations to come.

Underpinned by the dynamic development of China-Russia relations, bilateral cultural and humanitarian ties continue to deepen. Cooperation in education, culture, tourism and sport is advancing at full pace.

The China-Russia friendship enjoys ever greater support among young people, and our peoples are drawing closer, while fostering deeper mutual understanding.

President Putin and I have decided to hold the Years of China-Russia Cooperation in Education across this year and next, marking the tenth such interstate project, which we will launch immediately after this meeting.

Within the framework of the Years of Cooperation in Education, it is imperative to continue expanding bilateral student exchanges, strengthen ties and cooperation between universities and research centres, deliver more tangible results in professional training and joint research and development, and establish increasingly favourable conditions for the sustained development of China-Russia relations.

Fourth, it is essential to advance high-quality international cooperation and to reform and improve global governance. This world remains far from tranquil. The damage caused by unilateral actions and hegemony is unprecedented, and the threat of regression to the law of the jungle looms large. In this regard, I have put forward the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind and four global initiatives, which have garnered broad support from the international community, including Russia.

As permanent members of the UN Security Council, China and Russia will resolutely demonstrate a sense of duty as responsible world powers, safeguard the authority of the UN and international justice, and counter any manifestations of unilateralism and hegemony, as well as attempts to turn back the wheel of history, above all provocative actions aimed at denying the outcomes of the Second World War and reviving the signs of fascism and militarism.

We are ready to work shoulder to shoulder to shape a fairer and more rational system of global governance, walking the path towards the common good in step with the times. The great cause of China–Russia friendship, which answers the call of history and reflects the leitmotif of our era, will undoubtedly move forward with confidence, steadiness and resolve, yielding further bright achievements.

Thank you for your attention.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr President,

Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our dear friend, President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping, and all our Chinese colleagues for the warm and cordial welcome extended to the Russian delegation.

This official visit is taking place in an anniversary year for Russian-Chinese relations: 25 years ago, we signed a vital interstate treaty of good-neighbourliness, friendship and cooperation, which provided a solid foundation for the all-round development of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction between our two countries.

Russia-China relations have reached a truly unprecedented level and continue to develop. At the same time, our relations are self-sufficient, do not depend on the current international situation, and can serve as an example of relations between nations in this age.

Regarding our talks today, they were held in a traditionally warm, comradely and constructive atmosphere. We held in-depth discussions on all key aspects of our bilateral cooperation. The joint statement we have signed following these talks outlines the priority spheres of our interaction.

We have signed a large package, or more precisely about 40 intergovernmental, interagency and corporate documents. Some of them have been signed here. Many of these focus on the further deepening of our economic cooperation.

I would like to emphasise that Russia and China are important trade partners for each other. In 2025, our trade reached nearly US$240 billion, and its structure has expanded, including due to high added-value goods.

Modern enterprises in both Russia and China have greatly contributed to the growth of mutual trade. Our coordinated actions to transition settlements between them, as well as between our countries in general, to payments in national currencies have been of great importance in this regard. As a result, nearly all Russia-China export-import transactions are made in rubles and yuan. In other words, we have actually created a stable system of mutual trade that is protected from external influence and negative trends in the global markets.

I would like to point out that Russia and China are actively cooperating in the sphere of energy. Our country is one of the largest exporters of oil, natural gas (including LNG) and coal to China. We are definitely ready to continue to ensure reliable and uninterrupted supplies of these types of fuel to the rapidly growing Chinese market.

After the successful completion of the cross years of culture, Russia and China are launching new large-scale intergovernmental humanitarian initiatives, such as the Russia-China Year of Education. Together with President Xi Jinping, as has already been mentioned, we will take part in the ceremony launching these thematic years. The programme of the cross years includes hundreds of diverse events: conferences and seminars, concerts, exhibitions and masterclasses, as well as Olympiads and competitions. The first of these have already taken place and have attracted considerable interest among students and teachers in both Russia and China.

Our country is also actively cooperating in the field of sport. A major highlight will, of course, be the 10^th Russia-China Summer Games, which will begin this weekend in Kaliningrad. This is an excellent opportunity for many talented athletes to showcase their abilities.

Of course, cooperation between Russian and Chinese media organisations continues to strengthen friendship, trust and mutual understanding between our states and peoples. In 2026, we will mark the 70^th anniversary of partnership between TASS and the Chinese news agency Xinhua. On this occasion, a photo exhibition dedicated to the history of Russian-Chinese relations has been organised here in Beijing.

President Xi Jinping and I have exchanged views on pressing international issues, following which a joint declaration was adopted confirming the shared fundamental approaches of our two countries. The key point is this: Russia and China are committed to an independent and sovereign foreign policy, act in close strategic coordination, and play an important stabilising role on the global stage.

We work together for peace and shared prosperity. In this spirit, Moscow and Beijing jointly uphold international law and the provisions of the UN Charter in their entirety and interconnection and cooperate effectively within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, BRICS and other international structures, making a significant contribution to addressing pressing global and regional challenges.

Russia supports the priorities of China’s chairmanship this year in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). We, for our part, will provide all necessary assistance for their practical implementation. I am confident that the upcoming summit in Shenzhen will be productive.

We will, of course, continue to closely coordinate our positions in other multilateral formats as well, including the G20, the World Trade Organisation, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the New Development Bank. We intend to promote the alignment of integration processes within the Eurasian Economic Union and China’s Belt and Road Initiative, with a view to forming a Greater Eurasian Partnership.

Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

The programme of our visit is extremely intensive. President Xi Jinping and I still have several important events ahead. However, I would already like to sincerely thank my friend, President Xi Jinping, and all our Chinese colleagues for their hospitality and for the excellent organisation of our work. I am confident that this visit and the talks will further strengthen Russian-Chinese friendship and contribute to the well-being and prosperity of our peoples.

Thank you.

Russia-China talks

2026-05-20T13:12:39+04:00

The People’s Assembly House hosted Vladimir Putin’s talks with President of China Xi Jinping.

The official welcoming ceremony for President of Russia Vladimir Putin and the presentation of the delegations took place on Tiananmen Square.

The talks began with a restricted-format conversation and continued in an expanded format.

Following the talks, Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping signed a Joint Statement on Further Strengthening Comprehensive Partnership and Strategic Cooperation and Deepening Relations of Good-Neighbourliness, Friendship and Cooperation. The parties approved a Joint Declaration on the Formation of a Multipolar World and a New Type of International Relations. A number of bilateral intergovernmental, inter-agency, and corporate documents were also signed in the presence of the leaders.

Following the talks between President of Russia Vladimir Putin and President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping, several intergovernmental documents were signed, namely, the Agreement on the Joint Construction of the Second Main Track of 1,435-mm gauge on the cross-border section of the Zabaikalsk-Manzhouli Railway and the Memorandum of Understanding on Urban Development.

A number of inter-agency documents were also signed concerning support for open trade and multilateralism, the development of sustainable trade in priority industrial products, customs personnel training, market regulation for 2026–2027, joint film production projects, and intellectual property matters. Additionally, several documents outlining interaction between relevant organisations in the fields of education and media were signed.

Memoranda of understanding were signed between the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, as well as the China Atomic Energy Authority and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China on cooperation in human resource development for the peaceful use of nuclear energy and scientific and technical cooperation in controlled thermonuclear fusion.

Furthermore, on the sidelines of the talks, an extensive package of documents was signed pertaining to innovation, sport, youth policy, and education, as well as a Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan Federal University, the Government of Shandong Province, and Shandong University on the establishment of Russia-China University of Advanced Technologies.

Following the talks, the leaders of Russia and China made statements to the press.

Vladimir Putin arrived in China on an official visit

2026-05-20T09:40:54+04:00

The President of Russia is visiting the People's Republic of China at the invitation of President of the PRC Xi Jinping.

The Russian President’s visit is timed to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation, which serves as the basis for interstate relations.

Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping will discuss current bilateral matters, ways to further strengthen the comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, and exchange views on key international and regional matters.

The two leaders will also attend the opening ceremony launching the Russia–China Years of Education (2026–2027).

Following the talks, the leaders will sign a joint statement along with a number of bilateral intergovernmental, interdepartmental, and other agreements.

The programme of the visit also includes a meeting with Premier of the State Council of the PRC Li Qiang to discuss prospects for trade and economic cooperation.

Greetings on the 150th anniversary of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping

2026-05-19T13:14:46+04:00

Vladimir Putin sent greetings to members of the faculty, students, cadets, postgraduate students and alumni of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping on its 150^th anniversary.

The message reads, in part:

“You are rightly proud of the rich history of this distinguished university, and of its enduring traditions established by generations of your predecessors – true professionals who were deeply dedicated to their chosen field.

It is gratifying that today, your university and its branches are justly regarded as leaders in training highly qualified specialists for maritime and inland water transport. These include shipbuilders, engineers, hydrographers, shipping company personnel and crew members of nuclear-powered icebreakers and ice-class LNG carriers.

I am confident that, by preserving its historic continuity while remaining open to innovation, your university will continue to thrive and remain a centre of attraction for talented and determined young people.”

Address ahead of the official visit to China

2026-05-18T19:34:06+04:00

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Greetings, dear Chinese friends,

I am delighted to be visiting Beijing once again at the invitation of my long-time good friend, the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping.

Regular mutual visits and Russia-China top-level talks are an important and integral part of our joint efforts to promote the entire range of relations between our two countries and unlock their truly limitless potential.

I would like to remind you that 25 years ago, Russia and China signed the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation, which laid a solid foundation for a genuinely strategic relationship and comprehensive partnership for the benefit of our countries and our peoples.

Today, Russia-China relations have reached a truly unprecedented level. Their special nature is reflected in the atmosphere of mutual understanding and trust, a commitment to pursuing win-win and equitable cooperation, conducting respectful dialogue, and supporting each other on matters affecting the core interests of both countries, including protection of sovereignty and state unity.

Looking confidently to the future, Russia and China are actively expanding their contacts in politics, the economy, and defence, while broadening humanitarian exchanges and encouraging person-to-person interaction. It means that together we are doing everything that can further deepen bilateral collaboration and advance the comprehensive development of our countries. It is important that these are the issues that will shape the agenda of the upcoming talks in Beijing.

I deeply appreciate President Xi Jinping’s commitment to long-term cooperation with Russia. I am convinced that our warm and friendly ties enable us to chart the boldest plans for the future and bring them to life.

Trade between Russia and China continues to grow, having long surpassed the US$200 billion mark. Mutual settlements are now conducted almost entirely in rubles and yuan. Major initiatives are underway in key areas of our cooperation. Following the successful Cross Years of Culture, the Cross Years of Russian-Chinese Cooperation in Education were launched in January, making it the tenth edition of this kind of bilateral projects in the humanitarian area.

I would like to point out that Russia holds China’s centuries-old history and its achievements in culture, art, and science in high esteem. We are interested in bringing our peoples closer together, further promoting mutual understanding, and embracing all the positive things offered by the two countries’ rich traditions and heritage.

This is why we welcome the introduction of a mutual visa-free regime between our countries, facilitating greater business and tourism exchanges and harnessing new opportunities for communication and personal contacts between Russian and Chinese nationals.

The close strategic relationship between Russia and China plays a major, stabilising role globally. Without allying against anyone, we seek peace and universal prosperity.

It is in this spirit that Moscow and Beijing act in a coordinated manner to defend international law and the provisions of the UN Charter in their entirety, completeness, and interconnectedness. We support active cooperation through the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, BRICS, and other multilateral entities, making a substantial contribution to resolving pressing global and regional challenges.

I am confident that together we will continue to do everything possible to deepen Russia-China partnership and good-neighbourliness for our two countries’ dynamic development and for the well-being of our peoples, in the interests of maintaining global security and stability.

See you soon in Beijing!

Thank you!

Meeting with permanent members of the Security Council

2026-05-18T14:51:11+04:00

The President held a briefing session, via videoconference, with permanent members of the Security Council.

Taking part in the meeting were Federation Council Speaker Valentina Matviyenko, State Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin, Deputy Chairman of the Security Council Dmitry Medvedev, Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office Anton Vaino, Secretary of the Security Council Sergei Shoigu, Defence Minister Andrei Belousov, Minister of the Interior Vladimir Kolokoltsev, Director of the Federal Security Service Alexander Bortnikov, and Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service Sergei Naryshkin.

***

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Colleagues, today we will address an issue that, upon the first look, has no direct relation to the work of the Security Council and its briefing session. However, I believe it is no coincidence that it is on our agenda. I am talking about the development of the rare and rare earth metals industry to ensure the technological sovereignty and national security of the Russian Federation. This issue is extremely important for all participants in our meeting – and it is clear why.

Let’s get down to work.

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Birthday greetings to President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

2026-05-17T15:06:59+04:00

Vladimir Putin sent birthday greetings to President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.

The message reads, in part:

“Through your leadership at the head of the state, you have earned the deep respect of your fellow citizens and considerable international standing. It is difficult to overstate your personal contribution to the development of the comprehensive strategic partnership and alliance between Russia and Kazakhstan.

We had a warm conversation in Moscow on May 9. I am grateful that you were able to attend the celebrations of Victory Day, our shared great holiday.

Preparations for my state visit to Kazakhstan are nearing completion. I am confident that the upcoming talks will help further expand the full range of mutually beneficial bilateral ties between our countries and peoples. The meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council in Astana, which will be held under your chairmanship, takes on special importance.”

Telephone conversation with President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

2026-05-17T15:07:51+04:00

During the phone call, Vladimir Putin wished Kassym-Jomart Tokayev a happy birthday.

The President of Kazakhstan expressed gratitude for the warm welcome he received during his stay in Moscow to attend the official events marking the 81st anniversary of the Great Victory.

The two leaders discussed current matters pertaining to the preparations for Vladimir Putin's upcoming state visit to Astana and the meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council to be held there.

Earlier, the President of Russia sent a message of greetings to Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.

To participants and organisers of the 10th Russia-China EXPO

2026-05-16T17:50:20+04:00

Vladimir Putin sent a message of greetings to the participants and organisers of the 10^th Russia-China EXPO, currently underway in Harbin, China.

The message reads, in part:

“Over the past years, the EXPO has evolved into a major exhibition, which not only serves as a vivid demonstration of the achievements in Russia-China cooperation, but also offers a great opportunity for promoting direct and substantive dialogue between our business communities, government agencies and regional authorities.

This year’s exhibition has a rich and diverse programme, reflecting the positive momentum generated by comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation between Moscow and Beijing. Insightful expositions present the bilateral cooperation in its key aspects, including energy and high technologies, transport and logistics, manufacturing and agricultural sectors, trade, economic and cultural exchanges.

Leading Russian and Chinese companies are scheduled to present several major joint projects. There will be thematic discussions on various topics, ranging from food production to digital transformation. And, of course, special attention will be paid, as usual, to region-to-region ties between our countries.

I am convinced that these joint efforts will be constructive and fruitful and will help find new and promising forms of mutually beneficial cooperation for the benefit of our countries and their people.”

Telephone conversation with President of the UAE Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan

2026-05-16T17:43:35+04:00

Vladimir Putin had a telephone conversation with President of the UAE Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan

The two leaders discussed issues pertaining to the crisis in the Middle East and surrounding Iran. Both sides emphasised the importance of continuing the political and diplomatic process aimed at reaching a compromise for peace that would take into account the legitimate interests of all the regional states.

Both leaders expressed satisfaction with the successful progress of the Russian-Emirati cooperation in politics as well as trade and economy. They agreed to maintain frequent contact.

Vladimir Putin thanked the Emirati side for their regular assistance in resolving humanitarian issues arising in light of the Ukraine conflict.

Greetings on the 70th anniversary of the Institute of Asian and African Studies at Lomonosov Moscow State University

2026-05-16T11:49:23+04:00

Vladimir Putin extended greetings to the faculty, students, postgraduate students, and alumni of the Institute of Asian and African Studies at Lomonosov Moscow State University on the occasion of its 70^th anniversary.

The message reads, in part:

“The rich and eventful history of your renowned institution is inextricably linked with the major and celebrated schools of Oriental and African studies, and with a constellation of outstanding scholars and mentors. The contribution of the Institute’s graduates to the development of international relations and to the strengthening of our country’s position on the world stage is, of course, of considerable significance.

It is gratifying to note that the current academic community of the Institute of Asian and African Studies faithfully upholds the great traditions of its predecessors, carrying out solid scientific research and spreading awareness, tirelessly broadening the scope of inquiry into matters pertinent to contemporary global challenges. It is for this reason that the Institute’s graduates possess profound fundamental knowledge, which is highly sought after in the civil and diplomatic services, in science, journalism, business, and numerous other fields.

I am confident that the Institute of Asian and African Studies will retain its leadership position, and that the next generations of students will support the prestige of their alma mater through their tangible accomplishments.”

On May 19–20, Vladimir Putin will make an official visit to China

2026-05-15T18:57:08+04:00

On May 19–20, President of Russia Vladimir Putin will make an official visit to the People's Republic of China at the invitation of President of the PRC Xi Jinping.

The Russian President’s visit is timed to coincide with the 25^th anniversary of the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation, which serves as the basis for interstate relations.

The two leaders will also attend the opening ceremony launching the Russia–China Years of Education (2026–2027).

Following the talks, the leaders will sign a joint statement along with a number of bilateral intergovernmental, interdepartmental, and other agreements.

The programme of the visit also includes a meeting with Premier of the State Council of the PRC Li Qiang to discuss prospects for trade and economic cooperation.

Meeting on economic issues

2026-05-15T16:04:21+04:00

The President held a meeting on economic issues.

The meeting was attended by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, First Deputy Prime Minister Denis Manturov, First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office Sergei Kiriyenko, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office Maxim Oreshkin, Head of the Federal Taxation Service Daniil Yegorov, Head of the Federal Customs Service Valery Pikalev, and Deputy Governor of the Central Bank Alexei Zabotkin.

* * *

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Good afternoon, colleagues,

We are holding a regular meeting to discuss the current situation in the domestic economy. I would like to note right away that the recent measures and decisions implemented by the Government have begun to produce, in cautious terms, certain results, positive results. This is reflected in the positive statistical data for March.

As Minister of Economic Development Maxim Reshetnikov recently reported, consumer activity was up in March. Wholesale trade grew by 8 percent, while retail trade increased by 6.2 percent. At the same time, unemployment remains at a record low of 2.2 percent. Industrial output in March rose by 2.3 percent, while manufacturing output grew at a higher rate of 3 percent. Overall, the country’s GDP increased by 1.8 percent in March.

I would like to ask the Government to continue prioritising efforts to support economic growth. We need to ensure that the positive momentum we see is sustained and expanded to encompass more industries and sectors, thereby making economic growth more robust and enduring. Today we will discuss possible additional measures in this regard.

One more thing before we move on to the agenda. Very soon, in early June, the St Petersburg International Economic Forum will take place. Traditionally, its business programme will be extensive and focused on specific issues that are important for Russian businesses, our foreign partners, and the development of the Russian economy as a whole.

I suggest that today we also exchange views on the main topics to be discussed at the forum.

Let us now turn to today’s agenda.

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Congress of the Union of Machine Engineers of Russia

2026-05-14T19:49:53+04:00

Vladimir Putin addressed the 10^th Congress of the Union of Machine Engineers of Russia, held at the Rossiya National Centre.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Colleagues, friends,

It is a great pleasure to be here and to take part in the work of the Congress of the Union of Machine Engineers of Russia.

It is one of our country’s largest sectoral associations, comprising such leading, backbone, and important companies as Rostec, Roscosmos, United Aircraft Corporation, Almaz-Antey, Uralvagonzavod, AvtoVAZ, and many other enterprises where numerous teams of specialists – true professionals in their field – are employed.

Naturally, in modern life and the contemporary economy, everything is important. Services are important, as are financial operations and securities; nevertheless, it is a pleasure to deal with people who are engaged in tangible work.

Mr Chemezov has just said that we have many challenges and complicated issues that need to be resolved collectively. After all, this is the 10^th anniversary congress, so I will not dwell on sombre matters – I will not speak of the key rate, nor of the need for long-term capital and the strengthening of the ruble. We meet regularly with many of you; all of this is known, and we discuss these matters with the Government and with the Central Bank – you are fully apprised of the situation. I will note that, despite all the difficulties, in recent years domestic machine engineers have been operating in challenging conditions, including the severance of ties with certain foreign counterparties and external pressure from unfriendly countries.

Nonetheless, under these circumstances, Russian companies, their managers and employees have shown flexibility and the ability to apply non-standard approaches. By reconfiguring logistics chains, replacing a number of components, and developing their own original scientific and technological solutions, they have not only maintained steady operations but also, in numerous instances, secured new positions in both domestic and foreign markets. They implement development programmes, invest in fundamental research and the strengthening of human resources.

Despite all the problems that we are all aware of and that I have just touched upon in passing, the results are substantial. By the end of last year, the output of the Russian manufacturing industry was almost 25 percent higher than in 2021.

The reason for my emphasising this is that it was after 2021, in 2022, that all the aforementioned challenges emerged.

Overall, industrial production in Russia in 2025 grew 12 percent higher than in 2021.

What does this mean? First, this demonstrates that our industry, science, and education possess tremendous potential. This provides a strong foundation for our sovereign development, high-quality economic growth, the creation of a supply-side economy and modern jobs, the strengthening of the country’s defence capabilities, and the expansion of high-tech exports.

Second, our strategic approach – the decision we made not long ago – is proving effective: not to imitate others, but to shape market trends ourselves by developing new types of competitive products. This includes the production of high-quality aircraft, railway, agricultural, and other machinery, as well as the development and rapid deployment of industrial robots, digital platforms, autonomous systems, and artificial intelligence technologies. Projects designed to stimulate demand for these products have already been launched and will continue to expand. We will undoubtedly continue to support them.

I know that many believed that the tools proposed by the Government might prove insufficient. However, these tools do exist, and many people, including those present here today, are already using them quite successfully.

At the same time, I want to emphasise once again that, while strengthening our technological sovereignty, we do not intend to isolate ourselves. On the contrary, we seek to establish and expand mutually beneficial partnerships with other countries and support initiatives by foreign partners that incorporate Russian machinery, equipment, and technological platforms. Combining the intellectual and resource potential of different countries, based on mutual respect for one another’s interests, will create additional opportunities for domestic research institutions, industrial enterprises, and even the service sector, which I have already mentioned.

At the same time, life itself – real-world developments and the challenges we have faced – have confirmed the validity of the principle that we need to independently produce critically important goods. We must possess our own “technological keys” to production processes that are essential to the economy, to improving the quality of life, and safeguarding the country’s security.

In this regard, I would like to express special thanks to the staff of the defence industry complex, which has already been mentioned today. You are confidently fulfilling the state defence order, which has grown considerably since the beginning of the special military operation, while looking to the future and launching the batch production of modern military equipment created on the basis of our combat experience. In short, you are doing everything to ensure stable supplies for our Armed Forces.

I would like to remind you that during last year’s St Petersburg International Economic Forum we formulated certain principles for strengthening our sovereignty in the area of defence and security. These include maximally broad implementation of the best technological and organisational innovations, which implies a regular analysis of not only national but also best foreign practices.

Another key principle is enhancing the speed of decision-making, implementation and production, which has been a root problem. I believe it would be no exaggeration to say that this has been going on for centuries, but we do need to pay special attention to it. The speed of decision-making and implementation is extremely important. We have no right to lag behind our partners and rivals in this regard.

The timeframe from an idea to the end product must be dramatically reduced, as it is happening in many civilian sectors. I would like to repeat that we must go beyond the formal division of companies into the defence industry complex and the civilian segment, and conventional restrictions that are hindering a quick implementation of effective solutions in production.

I am confident that our young people, who we rightly regard as our heroes, the veterans of the special military operation will help implement these principles in practice. They are people with a wealth of experience who can quickly find solutions to problems, are well-versed in the tactics of using weapons in combat conditions, and know what their comrades on the contact line need.

I am asking the Government, the concerned ministries and the heads of companies to actively assist the recruitment of such people to the national defence complex and other industrial sectors. We need to take practical efforts towards this end, expanding professional and on-site training and employment programmes. Our young people are fighting well, but we must support them and help identify talented people. I regularly meet with them. Trust me, there are many talented, modern and intelligent people among them. We must look for, identify and help them.

I would particularly like to thank our domestic enterprises and the Union of Machine Engineers, as Mr Chemezov just mentioned, for their humanitarian support for our soldiers, and also for their assistance to residents in the border regions who find themselves in difficult circumstances. Such effective, hands-on engagement with the lives of individuals, regions and the country as a whole deserves immense respect, recognition and encouragement.

And one more thing. The Union of Machine Engineers brings together more than 30 industry-specific organisations involving company executives, government representatives, members of the research and financial communities, and industry experts. Their proposals and recommendations are actively sought when it comes to addressing strategic issues of the development of our industry, from improving the regulatory framework and the technological re-equipment of enterprises, to supporting them in the face of external pressure and sanctions, and, of course, tackling staffing challenges.

I understand that the Union of Machine Engineers, in partnership with the Ministry of Education and Science, has developed a comprehensive system for training engineering personnel. It covers every stage of a specialist’s development, from careers guidance and talent spotting, through training and support, to hiring. Over the past five years, around four million school and university students, and young engineers have taken part in these programmes.

This work must certainly continue and expand, because it is focused on the future – on fostering a generation with a modern, innovative engineering mindset. These are the specialists who will be responsible for solving our country’s most pressing technological development challenges. They will make mechanical engineering enterprises – and indeed the whole of Russian industry – stronger, more resilient and more efficient.

Let me wish you every success. I am aware, and I want to stress this again, of the difficulties you face, and I know that you are overcoming them. You are doing so thanks to your organisational talent, your determination, your focus on the final result. And you are succeeding.

Thank you. I wish you all the very best in your work.