The SCO leaders are expected to focus on stepping up cooperation within the organisation and strengthening its role in the world. The agenda will include discussion of current international and regional issues. A package of documents will be signed following the summit, including the Dushanbe Declaration.
The Russian Federation will take over the chairmanship of the SCO from Tajikistan following the summit.
Mr Putin will also meet with a number of foreign leaders while in Dushanbe.